Which of the following terms refers to the practice of returning power to the grid from electric vehicles?

The term that refers to the practice of returning power to the grid from electric vehicles is V2G, which stands for Vehicle to Grid. This concept involves using electric vehicles (EVs) as a distributed energy resource, where they can send electricity stored in their batteries back to the electrical grid during periods of high demand or when renewable generation is low. This helps to stabilize the grid, enhance energy management, and optimize the use of renewable energy sources.

V2G systems benefit both EV owners and grid operators. Vehicle owners can receive compensation for the energy they supply to the grid, and in turn, grid operators can more effectively balance supply and demand. This technology underscores the evolving role of electric vehicles not just as modes of transportation but also as important components of the energy ecosystem.

In contrast, the other terms relate to different energy management practices. Vehicle to Home (V2H) describes the use of EVs to power a household, while Home to Vehicle (H2V) would imply sending energy from the home to the vehicle, and Power to Power (P2P) does not specifically reference the interactions involving electric vehicles in the context of the grid.